Publication Ethics

ETHICS & INTEGRITY

JGES is committed to responsible research, transparent editorial practice, and careful stewardship of the scholarly record.

Research integrity

JGES expects authors, reviewers, editors, and the Editorial Office to uphold high standards of scholarly integrity. The journal follows recognised publication-ethics principles and investigates concerns fairly and confidentially.

Policy Area	JGES Expectation
Originality	Submissions must be original, not published previously, and not under consideration by another journal.
Plagiarism screening	Manuscripts are screened for similarity and potential duplication before peer review and before acceptance.
Authorship	All listed authors must have made a substantial contribution, approved the submission, and accept responsibility for the work.
Conflicts of interest	Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose financial and non-financial interests that could affect impartiality.
Data availability	Authors should provide an appropriate data-availability statement and deposit data in a recognised repository where possible.
Research ethics	Research involving people or animals must include the appropriate ethics approval and informed-consent information.
AI disclosure	Use of AI tools in manuscript preparation must be disclosed. AI tools cannot be listed as authors.
Corrections and retractions	Post-publication concerns may be addressed through corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions when warranted.

Ethics concerns: Questions or concerns about a manuscript or published article should be submitted confidentially to the JGES Editorial Office through WBKH contact channels.